Hrm Thirukkural free essay sample

Kural continues to be important today, in the twenty first century, for scholars believe that Kural conveys many important messages to the society. International interest in the study of Kural can be traced to the second half of the nineteenth century. Tirukkural is a masterpiece of Tamil literature, composed during the last of the three Sangam eras. While it has not been possible to exactly date the work, the reference to Kural in the great epics Manimekalai and Silappadhikaram give us some idea of when it would have been composed. Thirukkural, encompasses wisdom in capsule for all walks of life. It was universally acclaimed as a great piece of literature, both by the West as well as the East. The works contemporary to Thirukkural lack the ideal perception and ethical vision. Kural goes beyond the reporting of the actual and encompasses the paradigms for the future. Modern management could be read in conjunction with Kural and analogies could be drawn between them. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm Thirukkural or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The new theories in Human Resource Management are expressed in an abstract form in Kural. The work itself is often called Tamil Marai, a reference to its identification with the Vedas. 2. 3 KURAL-Statistics Tirukkural is a work of 1330 couplets each of which conforms to the structure of Kural Venba, a grammatical construction with two lines of four and three words respectively. The work is arranged in 133 Adhikarams, each with 10 couplets. The 133 Adhikarams are divided into three major groups known as Aram, Porul and Inbam. Aram represents Virtue, Porul defines the principles of Life for common people as well as the State. The last section deals with aspects of Love. The overall organization of Tirukkural is as follows, based on seven ideals prescribed for people followed by observations on Love. 40 couplets on God, Rain, Virtue and Ascetics. 200 couplets on Domestic Virtue 140 couplets on Higher Virtue based on Grace 250 couplets on Royalty 100 couplets on Ministers of State 220 couplets on the Essential requirements of Administration   130 couples on Morality, both positive and negative 250 couplets on Human Love and Passion 3. Human Resource Management in Tirukkural HRM has got four important functions viz. acquisition, development, leadership motivation, and maintenance functions. Employees were just as much a resource as any other asset and needed to be carefully acquired, used and maintained. Human resource planning, job analysis, selection and recruitment, placement, orientation and outsourcing could be grouped under acquisition function. Training and development, knowledge management, organizational learning, carrier planning, fair treatment and quality circles could be categorized under development function. Motivation, job enrichment, performance appraisal, rewards, promotion, communication etc. can be classified as leadership and motivation function.

Psychology Diverse Nature

Psychology Diverse Nature Abstract This paper will focus on the diverse nature of psychology and some important concepts associated with this field of study. In a bid to understand the diverse nature of psychology, two subcategories and examples will be analyzed. In addition, the major subtopics such as cognitive and behavioral psychology will be examined. This study will also reflect on the application of the various subtopics identified to other societal disciplines.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Psychology Diverse Nature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The sub-disciplines identified will be applied to personal speculative perspectives and lastly the contribution of psychology to areas of work, health, and education. This paper will focus on the diverse nature of psychology as a discipline, its categories, sub-categories, and sub-disciplines. Introduction Psychology is a science-related discipline that entails cognition, emotion, hu man motivation, and behavior (Plante, 2011). The genesis of psychology can be traced back to the times of ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Socrates, and thus it has a philosophical background. Psychology later developed into a scientific field of its own towards the end of the 19th Century following the creation of the first psychological laboratory by a German psychologist, Wilhelm Wundt. According to Plante (2011), psychology can be broken into several subcategories some being concerned with experimental psychology, which is psychological science, and others concerned with the relevance of that science to real world situations. With time, psychology has encountered many challenges and diversification in its application. This paper will focus on the diverse nature of psychology as a discipline, its categories, sub-categories, and sub-disciplines. Diversity and Major Concepts Psychology can be divided into several different major concepts. These concepts include clinical psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, biological psychology, and behavioral psychology among others. As noted, psychology is a wide field and as such, it is prudent to narrow down on the fundamental aspects of psychology, viz. behavioral, cognitive, and biological.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Behavioral psychology attempts to explain the reasoning that influences certain individual behaviors. The major concept of behaviorism falls under behavioral psychology. It can be approached from different perspectives, thus making it the most popular concept within psychology. An individual’s behavior can be informed by different factors including environmental, genetics, or personal experiences. Abada and Gillespie (2007) posit that family background has a huge impact on a person’s behavior because most children copy their parents and relatives ’ behaviors when growing up. The subtopics of behaviorism include aggression, cheating, and binge drinking. These characters define one’s behavior. Biological psychology explains the various differences in genetic traits. These aspects can include things like black hair from the paternal side, blue eyes from the maternal side, or even ears that resemble the aunt. Genes differ from one individual to the other (Hollenstein Crowell, 2014). For example, in a family setting, two children from the same parents can have different characters and traits as obtained from a relative within the family tree, thus bringing in aspects such as body weight and height. Cognitive psychology focuses on how people recognize and process information. A person’s neuropsychological setting influences this aspect (Kowaski Westen, 2011). It informs how an individual’s cognitive processes are formed coupled with trying to change behaviors that do not conform. The major concept of cognition falls under this cognitive psychology. The subtopics of cognition include cognitive dissonance and false memories. Subcategories within Psychology Psychology is a diverse field with different layers of sub-categories. These subcategories include child psychology and social psychology. Child psychology is the most diverse between the two because it covers all the major concepts in psychology. Social psychology is centered on behavioral aspects, but it provides a unique approach to the diversity of psychology. Child psychology examines the factors that affect a child’s mental and physical development during growth. This aspect includes childhood behavior. During development, children can be faced with problems that may need the intervention of a psychologist. Just like adults, children undergo phases of stress, depression, parenting problems, or peer pressure-related issues.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Psychology Diverse Nature speci fically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a bid to ensure that they go back to normal behavior, a child psychologist is called upon to address the issue. The child psychologist can apply specific techniques such as family counseling or even putting the child under medication to arrest the situation. This aspect helps the children to develop normally from an early age by correcting them. According to the American Psychological Association (2013), social psychology is concerned with the effects of individuals to one another coupled with how they are affected by their social and environmental surroundings. The uniqueness of social psychology is that people have different cultures, skin colors, beliefs, shapes, and sizes. Social psychology explains the different choices that an individual makes when presented with such an opportunity, for example, when shopping in a supermarket and choosing among the different brands. Personal Theoretical Approach An appro ach is based on assumptions due to human behavior, the aspects of human behavior to be studied and the research methods and techniques to be used to study such behavior (McLeod, 2007). Therefore, an assumption is composed of different unique theories within an approach. The theoretical perspective applied here borrows from behavioral psychology. As discussed above, the behavioral theory is a category of psychology focused on an individual’s lessons from his/her environment. These lessons can be acquired through learning or reinforcement. The behavioral theory is based on two foundations, viz. classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning can influence the way people respond to emotions. In classical conditioning, an individual responds to stimuli and learns this response by being constantly associated with it. The development of operant conditioning is attributed to Skinner. In this form of conditioning, the behavior of a person is explained by his o r her motives. Every individual has a reason behind why he or she does something. The reasons behind it may be driven by the need to seek attention, acquire something, or even cause pain and suffering to another individual.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, in a bid to motivate the behavior of such a person, punishment, positive reinforcement, and negative reinforcement are applied. However, every individual has the free will to make individual choices, and as such, behavior is not necessarily due to conditioning, but individual choices. Conclusion Psychology is a diverse field with different concepts and subsections. Research is continuing to try to understand human behavior. As such, psychology will continue to evolve, thus bringing forth more strengths and weaknesses. Moving forward, the application of theoretical perspectives will be needed to understand the diversity of certain human behaviors that continue changing with time. Behavioral psychology can be used to rehabilitate juveniles doing probation work. Using operant conditioning with positive and negative reinforcements, the offender can be put on a gradual recovery process. This task may be executed by encouraging him/her to adopt a positive attitude and thinking. If that fails, the last resort would be the application of punitive measures. However, punishment should not be adopted as a first approach since it can hinder the overall rehabilitation process and push the offender to worse crimes. References Abada, T., Gillespie, M. (2007). Family diversity and childrens behavioral outcomes in Canada: From structure to process. Sociological Focus, 40(4), 413-435. American Psychological Association: Society for personality and social psychology. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/about/division/div8 Hollenstein, T Crowell, S 2014, Whither Concordance? Autonomic Psychophysiology and the Behaviors and Cognitions of Emotional Responsivity. Biological Psychology, 98, 1-94. Kowaski, R., Westen, D. (2011). Psychology (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. McLeod, S. (2007). Psychology perspectives. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/perspective.html Plante, T. (2011). Contemporary Clinical Psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Concepts of orientalism and self- orientalism are no longer relevant Essay

Concepts of orientalism and self- orientalism are no longer relevant to discussions of media produced by non-western organisations in the Global South. Discuss - Essay Example he West concerning the East (or the Global South which is another term referring to all other countries apart from the elite west) created a form of cultural hegemony and domination. These western discourses often present cultural and ideological justification for colonization of the â€Å"Third World† countries and European imperialism. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of Orientalism, including its’ complex and multifaceted creature capable of evolving into other forms such as self-Orientalism, especially in media texts (Freire, 2000:145). The paper also presents several reasons why the self-Orientalism and Orientalism are not important anymore in the discussion of media from Global South by non-western organizations. Critics of the West argue that the region, through a Eurocentric viewpoint, has positioned itself at the centre of the world, exploiting other communities and countries through imposing cultural transformation and change either through Orientalist discourses parallel to imperialist objectives or colonialist movements. The West further fictionalizes the image of the â€Å"orient† in scientific terms by using social sciences such as philology, anthropology, and history, as well as launching propaganda that encompass cinema, painting, literature, and other art fields in effort to actualize this fiction. The orient image created first by scientific terms then socially, thus become engraved in the memory of both the Easterners and the Westerners (Rivero, 2006). These internalized Orientalist discourses and viewpoints cause Westerners to perceive and see Easterners from the image created in their memory. On the other hand, Easterners express and represent themselves from the percep tions of the West and fictionalized image of the West. Therefore, the East tries to shape and conceptualize itself into the â€Å"orient image† fictionalized by the West to gain acceptance, subsequently reproducing Orientalist discourse by reproducing and

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 129

Essay Example Du Bois believed the intellectual elite inherent in the black people should qualify them for integration into the American society. Du Bois held that the black people possessed intellectual prowess to advance and actualize racial equality while seeking assistance from the whites (White 52). Du Bois was among the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People that advocated equality and inclusion of the black people in the social, economic, educational, and political matters (White 53). In contrast, Garvey utilized black nationalization to lead the African-Americans towards racial purity and culture. Garvey used the Universal Negro Improvement Association to uplift the people of the African origin. Using the association, Garvey championed for respect for humanity regardless of race (White 92). He advocated the economic self-determination of the black people. Both Marcus Garvey and William E.B Du Bois championed for the preservation of the black cultural her itage, pan-Africanism, and economic nationalism. UNIA collaborated with the Klu Klux Klan although the latter championed for white supremacy (White 93). The Negro World, a weekly publication, highlighted the significance of race consciousness, black pride, and independence. Similarly, KKK did not support the NAACP because the movement targeted to divide the blacks and Jews while promoting the white supremacy. Although they utilized different philosophies, Garvey and Du Bois advocated the preservation of the black cultural heritage, pan-Africanism, and economic nationalism. Du Bois believed the intellectual prowess of the black should facilitate the incorporation of the race in the American society. Garvey held that racial purity and culture were significant in fostering respect for humanity. The Great Depression that started in 1929 destabilized the American society. In 1932, the Great Depression was a huge crisis in the whole nation, and a quarter of

Critical Response Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Response Paper - Assignment Example It is imperative for the country to balance the opinions of the different religions and integrate them in the formation of the government. This is because the relationship between the government and the religion is very fluid; the religion and/or the politics change in response to history and its interpretation. According to Brown-Foster and Goldstein (2010), circumstance and history determines the evolvement of the relationship between the state and the religion. The institutions should be set up in a way that they do not have certain privileges within the constitution but the freedom of worship privately should be given. According to Costopoulous, Diamond and Plattner (2005), religious institutions should not be provided with constitutional privileged prerogatives that permit them to consent public policy within the democratic governments. It is important to note that the political parties will perform the role of mandating the public policy because the religious institutions are not supposed to mandate any public policy. Voting is the only way to offer transparency within the government and the political parties have the mandate of voting in their favorite

Range Brands General Target Market Description

Range Brands General Target Market Description Firstly, a brief situational analysis will be given. A short background of the company and a description of the current performance of the enterprise will be provided, before considering the performance of the company ¿Ã‚ ½s closest competitors, current trends and emerging segments in the market followed by a description of the current and desired positioning of Tissot. The poor relative performance and stagnant market share of the company provides the main rational for developing a new marketing strategy for Tissot, aimed at creating a stronger differentiation and more distinctive image for the brand. Secondly, the marketing and communication objectives of the campaign will be stated, before outlining the strategy for the campaign. The aim is to reposition Tissot as  ¿Ã‚ ½sporty, elegant and feminine ¿Ã‚ ½ through a re-launch campaign, using an integrated advertising, direct mail, point-of-sale, PR and sponsorship strategy focusing on the themes social responsibility and creativity. The target markets for the campaign will be 22-35 year old AB working women, as well as the company ¿Ã‚ ½s current and potential new distributors. Finally the report conclude with, details of the campaign outlining the control measures that will be used in the evaluation-phase of the campaign. Contents 1.0 Introduction 4 2.0 Company/ Group History and products. 5 2.1 History 5 2.2 Swatch Group Product range 5 3.0 Investigation and analysis 9 3.1 Overview of the UK Market 9 3.2 PESTLE Analysis. 10 3.3 Situational analysis (SWOT) 11 3.4 Differential advantage/ Competitive edge (USP) 12 3.5 Current product range of Tissot 12 4.0 Recommendations 14 4.1 Segmentation Targeting Positioning (STP) 14 4.1.1 Market Segmentation 14 4.2 Marketing objectives and goals (SMART) 16 4.2.1 Marketing Objectives 17 4.2.2 Strategy 17 4.2.3 Target market 17 4.3 Desired Positioning 17 18 4.4 Marketing strategies and programmes (4P ¿Ã‚ ½s) 18 5.0 Conclusion 21 5.1 Evaluation 21 6.0 Reference and Bibliography 21 1.0 Introduction The watches and jewellery market has not been immune to the economic climate and the whole industry suffered in late 2008 and in 2009 as consumer confidence fell and people became more cautious about their spending (Europa Star October, 2010). But on the other hand according to Europa Star report market dynamics such as shifting consumer attitudes has led to a substantial increase in demand, and this trend is expected to continue also in the coming years. According to Europa Star (2010) strong watch groups such as Swatch group, LVMH and Richemont have weathered the storm and have become even stronger. This is evident from the triumphant profit announcements from the Swatch Group, LVMH, and Richemont. In a growing and crowded market, luxury watch manufacturer Swatch group has experienced stagnant sales and a stable market share. The focus of this report will therefore to be outline the current market dynamics and recommend a viable new marketing strategy for Swatch group especially emphasizing on its Tisot Brand. Primarily, a brief situational analysis will be given. A short background of the company and a description of its brands and the current performance of the group will be provided, followed by the analysis of company ¿Ã‚ ½s closest competitors. Further, investigation of company ¿Ã‚ ½s external and internal environment will be followed. After investigating its environment, a detail recommendation for its marketing strategy highlighting key current trends and emerging segments in the market, followed by a description of the current and desired positioning of the brand will be provided. Finally the report will conclude with a summary of the key findings and recommendations. 2.0 Company/ Group History and products. 2.1 History The Swatch Group Ltd. is the number one manufacturer of finished watches in the world. The Group is active in the manufacture of finished watches, jewelry, and watch movements and components. It produces nearly all of the components necessary to manufacture the watches sold under its 19 watch brands and the multi-brand Tourbillon retail label, as well as the entire Swiss watchmaking industry. In addition, it operates its own worldwide network of distribution organizations. The Swatch Group is also a key player in the electronic systems sector. Tissot Brand. Founded in 1853 at Le Locle, the birthplace of Swiss watch making, the Tissot brand is proud to have developed a strong tradition of quality and innovative Swiss watches. The brand is available in over 150 countries. 2.2 Swatch Group Product range Table 1.1 Swatch Group Product Range Range Brands General Target Market Description Prestige and Luxury Range Breguet, Blancpain, Glash ¿Ã‚ ½tte Original, Jaquet Droz, L ¿Ã‚ ½on Hatot, Omega and Tiffany Each of them originates strength and prestige from its own exclusive history, and reinvents components ¿Ã‚ ½ with high-end and supreme excellence targeting for the very highest end of the market. High Range Longines, Rado and Union Glash ¿Ã‚ ½tte Wide series of sophisticated watches placed at the top end of the market. They are characterized by their pioneering spirit, their technological revolution and their considerable involvement in sport and design. Middle Range Tissot, ck watch jewelry, Balmain, Certina, Mido and Hamilton Their extremely keen intelligence of current events  ¿Ã‚ ½ fashion, sport and culture  ¿Ã‚ ½ which is reflected in the definition of their high-quality products, gives them a very high profile in the mid-range market. They practically always occupy the leadership position in their different market niches. The unique characteristics of each brand are reflected in the models that make up its range. Basic Range Swatch and Flik Flak. Two extremes. Swatch on one hand, the most visible of the Swatch Group ¿Ã‚ ½s 19 brands and the most famous plastic watch in the world; and Flik Flak on the other, exclusively reserved for children. Stood in the lowest price segment. The range is consequently immense and aimed at everyone. Private Label Endura Group makes all its expertise available to third-party clients who are not active in the watch making industry, manufacture exclusive for special events, sports etc. providing them with watches that perfectly capture and replicate their image. Source:www.swatchgroup.com Based on the above table the main focus of this report will be the mid-range market, where Tissot brand is positioned. Thus it is important firstly to identify it ¿Ã‚ ½s direct or in this case its internal competitors. The following table describes its internal competitors. Table 1.2 Internal competitors Position: Innovators by tradition the first anti-magnetic watch in 1930; Astrolon, the first watch with a plastic casing in 1971; Rock watch, the first watch with a casing made of alpine granite in 1985, followed by Pearl watch, the first watch with a mother-of-pearl casing in 1986, then Wood watch, the first watch with a casing made of wood in 1987. In 1996, Tissot launched its first autoquartz models with 6-day autonomy and then, in 2001, its famous T-Touch models with seven additional functions activated by touching the watch ¿Ã‚ ½s crystal. Tissot has also built its reputation on an incomparable style and elegance. People the world over recognize the dynamic that has presided over the brand ¿Ã‚ ½s destiny for more than 150 years. Its deep involvement in sport, its role as Official Chronometer at top-level national, trans-national and global events Position: Absolute, contemporary The US designer Calvin Klein and the Swatch Group pooled their formidable talent in 1997 to create cK watch, a watch brand with graphic lines that are striking, refined and contemporary. A new and inimitable type of watch, a fashion accessory watch. Today, over 200 different Swiss-made models designed for men as well as women adorn storefronts in more than 60 countries. Characterized by its essential sexy image that translates refined lines and numerous metal surfaces into sensual curves. Position: A world of elegance From 1987 to 1995, Balmain watches were manufactured under exclusive license by the Swatch Group, which supplied its immense expertise and state-of-the-art watchmaking technology to the brand and the Parisian fashion house founded in 1945. In December 1995, the Swatch Group acquired the exclusive rights to manufacture market and distribute the brand ¿Ã‚ ½s watches throughout the entire world. One of the brand ¿Ã‚ ½s distinctive features is the famous  ¿Ã‚ ½arabesques ¿Ã‚ ½ dial, the stunning design They are synonymous with elegance and refinement, and meet the quality and esthetic criteria demanded by discerning women and men alike. Position: Reliability, precision and innovation The spirit of the famous Certina brand is brought to life by a tradition of uncompromising excellence and the guaranteed use of the finest components and materials  ¿Ã‚ ½ titanium, 316L stainless steel, sapphire glass, and the renowned ETA Swiss Made movements. The company has built its reputation on the quality of the watch movements made by the Kurth brothers. As the Swiss leader in mid-range sporting watches, Certina has become the champion of outstanding quality at an affordable price. The introduction in 1959 of the concept of double security is a significant example of this, raising water and shock resistance to previously unattained levels. Position: A mark of true design Mido ¿Ã‚ ½s ambition is to produce watches that possess characteristics typical of the quality and careful craftsmanship of a Swiss watch, namely timepieces endowed with mechanical movements that are wound either by hand or automatically. Timelessness is the hallmark of its image, which aims to be clean-cut and refined. As a specialist in mechanical watches, Mido offers a variety of models with designs ranging from retro to contemporary, and from classic to innovative. They all meet the brand ¿Ã‚ ½s five strategic criteria: the Swiss-made label; a distinctive identity; a high-precision, high-quality mechanical movement; superior water-resistance, and excellent value for money. Position: A passion for the sky and the movies Launch of the worlds first battery-powered watch, the Ventura. In 1972, Hamilton again amazed the world by creating the first watch with a digital display. The wide range and varied styles of Hamilton watches have provided a valuable resource for Hollywood stylists and costume designers. As well as being worn by numerous actors during filming, the brand is also famous today for its  ¿Ã‚ ½Behind the Camera Awards ¿Ã‚ ½, which honors backstage artists on film sets in Los Angeles. Source:www.swatchgroup.com 3.0 Investigation and analysis 3.1 Overview of the UK Market The UK jewellery and watches market, with the jewellery sector being segmented into the categories of real jewellery (gold, silver and platinum) and fashion/costume jewellery. Total sales of jewellery and watches in the UK fluctuated between 2004 and 2008, and fell by 2.8% in the latter year to finish the review period at  ¿Ã‚ ½4.33bn. (Jewellery Watches Market Report, 2009). Furthermore, as consumers have cut back on spending during the recession, there has been pressure in the market to reduce prices which, combined with lower volumes, has meant an overall downturn in sales. Initially, the luxury end of the market was relatively unaffected by the downturn, but by the end of 2008 and early 2009, it had begun to take effect. (Jewellery Watches Market Report, 2009). The market share in UK is dominated by fashion brands such as Rolex, Omega and Gucci (please refer figure 1.1 below). Please note due to lack of market data the below figure describes data up to year 2005.Figure 1.1: Brand shares in the UK luxury watch market, 2002 and 2005. Source: Mintel report, 2005 3.2 PESTLE Analysis. Political  ¿Ã‚ ½ Removal of quantitative restrictions on import watches lead to a threat in UK. Economic  ¿Ã‚ ½ More people are concerned about their jobs and employment prospects than last year.  ¿Ã‚ ½ 11% growth for the jewellery and watches market over the next five years globally (Mintel, 2010).  ¿Ã‚ ½ Rising gold prices and the recession have led many consumers to buy silver jewellery instead of gold.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Currency volatility means the end of savage price-cutting. Sociological  ¿Ã‚ ½ Importance of the gifting market for retailers, with four in ten adults enjoying receiving precious metal jewellery as a birthday or Christmas present.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Young men aged under-35 are more open to paying higher amounts for a watch as they typically do not wear jewellery to express their individuality or consumer spending power.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Costume jewellery is the smallest sector of the watches and jewellery market, but has grown at the fastest rate. Technology  ¿Ã‚ ½ Watch brands are taking advantage of new technologies such as robots and hi-tech coatings.  ¿Ã‚ ½ A notable trend is the use of unconventional materials in luxury watches such as titanium and ceramics.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Another notable trend is retailers asking fashion brands to design special watches exclusively for their stores. (Innovation Driving Luxury Watch Market ,2007)  ¿Ã‚ ½ Developments in online retailing have contributed to it becoming increasingly transparent for information on pricing and availability. Legal  ¿Ã‚ ½ Regulations fair pricing and health and safety Environmental  ¿Ã‚ ½ Converging the watch ¿Ã‚ ½s main function with health benefits would be one way of helping to create new reasons for purchase. 3.3 Situational analysis (SWOT) Strengths  ¿Ã‚ ½ Brand Image  ¿Ã‚ ½ as an Innovators by tradition,  ¿Ã‚ ½Swiss Made ¿Ã‚ ½.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Unique and Exclusive products  ¿Ã‚ ½ e.g. T-Touch, touch-sensitive sapphire, barometers, altimeters and thermometers.  ¿Ã‚ ½ After sale service Tissot International Warranty and after-sales services  ¿Ã‚ ½ Premier event sponsor and Brand Ambassadors  ¿Ã‚ ½ Strong established Distribution network  ¿Ã‚ ½ Swatch Group has a growing Market share  ¿Ã‚ ½ The Swatch Group occupies a major position in the production and supply of watches, movements and components.  ¿Ã‚ ½ This ensures the integrity of the vertical manufacturing structure; it also guarantees the strength and credibility Weaknesses  ¿Ã‚ ½ Pricing for mid-range market  ¿Ã‚ ½ Small Presence in key market segment  ¿Ã‚ ½ Competitors successfully exploited the lifestyle segmentation which Tissort failed to accomplish. Opportunities  ¿Ã‚ ½ Gifting concept and Seasonality: associating with gifting and relations  ¿Ã‚ ½ Company can expand in to a niche market by launching products suitable for customers in a particular market segment like the youth, gift fashion, sports etc.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Enlarge network of the sales outlets.  ¿Ã‚ ½ World trend for highly fashionable products.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Increase in internet capabilities and increase in online buyers especially in the UK. Threats  ¿Ã‚ ½ World and Local Competition: 25 key luxury brands in the world, with their own branded watches.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Direct internal and external competitors in the mid-range market.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Cheap Counterfeits products.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Decreasing Trends in market. E.g. Use of Mobiles to get the time and the other features.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Worldwide decline in the production and demand of mechanical watches. 3.4 Differential advantage/ Competitive edge (USP)  ¿Ã‚ ½  ¿Ã‚ ½Swiss Made ¿Ã‚ ½ and 100% Market share for Swiss watches  ¿Ã‚ ½ Swatch Group Logistics Unit The Swatch Group Logistics Unit continues to work toward an integrated global Supply Chain Management system. A logistics information platform initially linking virtually all Group brands to the various international subsidiaries has been expanded to reach over 200 agents, providing them with up-to-date information on sales, inventories, and open orders.  ¿Ã‚ ½ European Distribution Centre Swatch Group Distribution has established regional service centers, among them the European Distribution Centre (EDC), enabling the replacement of countless local warehouses and information systems with a common distribution platform.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Swatch Group accords great importance to customer satisfaction, by creating a division dedicated entirely to Customer Service activities. such as the European platform for repairs of high-end products and the implementation of the Groups watch making schools in Shanghai (China), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Glash ¿Ã‚ ½tte and Pforzheim (Germany) and Miami (USA).  ¿Ã‚ ½ Tissot recently introduced a web application called 3D Augmented Reality that will allow to try watches on in front of the computer screen Focusing on the Tissot Touch collection, you will be able to virtually  ¿Ã‚ ½try on ¿Ã‚ ½ a selection of styles and colours. In addition, all the watches will tell the correct time in digital and analogue. (Europa Star, 2010) 3.5 Current product range of Tissot Table 1.3 Tissot Product Line  ¿Ã‚ ½ Global The Tissot T Collection Watch (model T50.1.185.60) is varied. This model is an elegant, womens watch featuring a solid stainless steel case and bracelet with butterfly clasp. With Swiss quartz movement and water resistance to 100 feet, this watch has suggested price of $375. The Tissot Seastar II Automatic Watch (T55.0.483.11) is an elegant mens watch with a scratch-resistant sapphire crystal: set on a bi-color bracelet. Water resistant to100 feet, it has a list price of $200. The Tissot PRS200 Chrono Diver Watch (model T17.1.486.34) features: chronograph with ADD and SPLIT functions, 30-minute and 1/10 second displays and 60-second chronograph hand. Its also water resistant to 650 feet. With many other features, this lists for $450. The Tissot Oval-T Watch (model T47.5.385.31) is an elegant womens watch with PVD bracelet and a sapphire glass with quartz movement. Water resistant to 100 feet, it lists for $390. Other Tissot Series Tissot makes dozens of models and series. These include the V8 watch, PRS 200 watch, Heritage watch, Powermatic watch, TXL watch, T Lord watch, Quickster watch, the Atollo watch, the Bellflower watch and many others. Source: www.luxurywatches101.com Table 1.3 Product Range of TISSOT UK Brand Range Number of designs and watches TOUCH COLLECTION 12 T-SPORT 5 T-TREND 4/7 T-CLASSIC 4 T-GOLD 3 T-POCKET 23/44 HERITAGE 4 Each of these brands range offers a wide range of very strongly characterized watches. The attractiveness of the models, their multiple variations, and the combination of multiple specialties, their precision and their quality form an integral part of their fashion appeal, and meet the consumer ¿Ã‚ ½s many and varied needs. The unique characteristics of each brand are reflected in the models that make up its range. Summary of Key Facts Based on the above investigation it is evident that Tissot brand which cater to the mid-range market, has a strong support from the swatch group especially with its distribution network. But also it should be highlighted that esspacially the Tissot brand is not up to date with the current trends, for example catering to the youth, women segment especially in UK. 4.0 Recommendations 4.1 Segmentation Targeting Positioning (STP) 4.1.1 Market Segmentation The consumer luxury watches market can be segmented by: o Gender o Type of watch o Age o Socio-economic group o Life stage of the consumer o Marital status o Working status o Geographical region. The table 1 below lists the key aspects of each type of segmentation in the luxury watches market. Table 1.3: Types of segmentation in the luxury watch market Gender Type of watch Age Socio-economic Life stage Marital Status Working Status Region Men Mechanical 15-24 AB Pre-/no family Married Working London Women Quartz 25-34 C1 Families Not married Not working South 35-44 C2 Third age East/ Midlands 45-54 D Retired Wales / West / South West 55-64 E Yorkshire/ North East 65+ North West 65+ Scotland It has not been possible to obtain information on all the segmentation variables listed above. However, figures relating to gender and type of watch are available. The figures show that the overall market size of men ¿Ã‚ ½s luxury watches is larger than that of women, however this differential is narrowing as the women ¿Ã‚ ½s market is experiencing a more rapid growth than the men ¿Ã‚ ½s market. In terms of type of watch, mechanical watches dominate the luxury watch market. This represents a pronounced difference to the mass market where the quarts-variety is more important. The tables 1.4 and 1.5 below demonstrate these figures, Table 1.4: Luxury watch sales, by gender, by volume, 2001-05, Source: Mintel report, 2005 Gender 2001 2003 2005 (est) % change 000 units % 000 units % 000 units % 2001-03 2003-05 Men ¿Ã‚ ½s 294 56.5 312 56.2 317 56.1 +6.1 +1.6 Women ¿Ã‚ ½s 226 43.5 243 43.8 248 43.9 +7.5 +2.1 Table 1.5: Luxury watch sales, by Type of watches, by volume, 2001-05, Source: Mintel report, 2005 Type of watches 2001 2003 2005 (est) % change 000 units % 000 units % 000 units % 2001-03 2003-05 Mechanical 343 66 367 66.1 375 66.4 + 7 + 2.2 Quartz 177 34 188 33.9 190 33.6 + 6.2 + 1.1 4.1.2 Current Market Position Based on the market information, Tissot was perceived to be: o Elegant and Luxurious o Masculine and sporty o  ¿Ã‚ ½Established in the market ¿Ã‚ ½ and stylish o Innovativeness by tradition The graphs 1-2 below illustrate Tissot current positioning in relation to its competitors. 4.2 Marketing objectives and goals (SMART) The emerging segments in the market reflect where future potential demand might be strongest, and hence which segments the company should be focusing its efforts towards in order to build a profitable customer base. As highlighted in the analysis section, the female market for luxury watches is experiencing a stronger growth than the male market, making this an interesting segment for luxury watch producers. Also the younger market (in particular the 15-24 year olds and the 25-34 year olds) is considered to have great potential because of the importance of style and appearance to this segment, and also their generally higher awareness and knowledge of branding. 4.2.1 Marketing Objectives  ¿Ã‚ ½ Increase the market share of Tissot from 1 % to 5 % over the next 12 months.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Increase the number of distributors in the UK from 33 to 100, over the next 12 months. 4.2.2 Strategy The overall strategy for the Tissot re-launch campaign can be summed up in the following points:  ¿Ã‚ ½ To reposition Tissot as  ¿Ã‚ ½sporty, elegant and feminine ¿Ã‚ ½ through a re-launch campaign of the T-TREND, TOUCH COLLECTIONS  ¿Ã‚ ½ To generate an integrated advertising, direct mail, point-of-sale, PR and sponsorship campaign focusing on the themes: social responsibility and creativity.  ¿Ã‚ ½ To communicate the social responsibility and creativity themes to current and potential new distributors and 22-35 year old AB working women to increase distribution of Tissot watches and increase awareness of the brand. 4.2.3 Target market The Tissot re-launch campaign will be focused towards two distinct target markets:  ¿Ã‚ ½ In order to capture the emerging trends in the market, the consumer segment targeted for the re-launch campaign will be 22-35 year old AB working women.  ¿Ã‚ ½ In addition, a selected group of fine, up-market jewellers and watch specialists will be targeted in order to strengthen Tissot distribution system and thereby support the marketing activities of the company. 4.3 Desired Positioning On the basis of previous investigations it was decided that the desired positioning of Tissot should be  ¿Ã‚ ½sporty, elegant and feminine ¿Ã‚ ½ using Tissot ¿Ã‚ ½s reputation on an incomparable style and elegance. The aim of the repositioning exercise is to create a more distinctive image for Tissot, building on the fundamentals of the brand. Graph 3: Desired position of Tissot 4.4 Marketing strategies and programmes (4P ¿Ã‚ ½s) Product A watch can be describing considering it as three different products the core product, the actual product, and finally the augmented product. Based on the below figure Tissot should focus on its actual product offering especially on branding, style and fashion components. Place Swatch Group Distribution was formed in 2001 with the objective of providing worldwide support to Swatch Group companies in their efforts to stream customers with products in a more speedy, reliable and cost-effective way. Swatch Group products are distributed mainly via a global distribution network that has been carefully selected by Group subsidiaries, or by agents who have been authorized either by a Group subsidiary or directly by the Groups head office. Following methods are used by Tissot.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Monobrand stores  ¿Ã‚ ½ Network of multibrand prestige watch and jewelry boutiques.  ¿Ã‚ ½ airports, notably by running watch and jewelry boutiques As outlined in the strategy section, current and potential new distributors will be approached slightly differently for the new re positioning and re launch.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Current retailers will be contacted by telephone to inform about the forthcoming re-launch campaign.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Large, potential retailers will be contacted by the Tissot sales-force to explain the benefit of stocking Tissot products and inform about the up-coming campaign.  ¿Ã‚ ½ Small, potential retailers will be contacted through a direct mail campaign. Advertising strategy In order to increase awareness of Tissot and to induce demand for the products, a black-and-white print advertising campaign directed towards the target market of 22-35 year old AB working women will be conducted. The slogan underpinning the re-launch campaign will be  ¿Ã‚ ½Create a difference  ¿Ã‚ ½ take the opposite view ¿Ã‚ ½, and this catch-phrase will be featured on all the print adverts as well as other promotional material directed towards retailers and point-of-sale displays. The campaign will be based around celebrity-endorsement, featuring Tissots current ambassadors chosen of the re-launch campaign, reflecting the re positioning strategy, Sporty strong, independent and assertive women with a very distinctive style. The campaign will include a total of 66 inserts of varying sizes in the following publications:  ¿Ã‚ ½ The Financial Times  ¿Ã‚ ½ The Economist  ¿Ã‚ ½ Vogue  ¿Ã‚ ½ Harper ¿Ã‚ ½s Bazaar. The publications were chosen for its up-market readership and high quality print and colour reproduction. It is therefore assumed that the target market of 22-35 AB working women should be well reached through these publications. The frequency of the inserts will change over time to reflect the headway and general build-up of the campaign Sponsorship In the latter part of the re-launch campaign Tissot will sponsor two trade events directed towards professional women. The purpose of this is to promote continued awareness of Tissot, and to function as an additional reminder of the re-launch campaign as the intensity of above-the-line communication will be reduced in the Spring/Summer period. It is hoped that the sponsorship-strategy will enhance corporate identification with the target audience of 22-35 year old working women, thus creating a positive image of Tissot amongst this population. Pricing The pricing structure will reflect its target audience of 22-35 year old working women, creating a positive image as a stylish affordable watch. Also the pricing structure should reflect Tissot ¿Ã‚ ½s essential market position, the Mid range market. 5.0 Conclusion 5.1 Evaluation In order to estimate the relative success of the campaign in terms of its ability to achieve the stated marketing and communication objectives, a number of control measures will be carried out during and towards the end of the campaign. Increase in market share will be evaluated through tracking of unit-sales, using inventory data. The level of sales will be measured in 3 stages: before the launch of the campaign, six months into the campaign and finally after completion of the campaign. Increase in the number of distributors will be assessed by measuring the number of retailers before the launch and after completion of the campaign. Recognition tests will be carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of the advertisement in terms of increasing awareness of Tissot, and also if the media used were effective in reaching the target audience. Correspondingly, the achievement of the campaign in terms of re-positioning Tissot be evaluated using qualitative research obtained during focus-group discussions.

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers fc

Introduction This day in age murderers’ actions are getting more and more incomprehensive. They are no longer just committing murder: they are torturing, mutilating, and engaging in grossly inappropriate acts against fellow human beings. Behaviors such as this will continue if nothing is done to stop them. The death penalty is a humane way to punish the convicted and deter these gruesome acts. Early as 1930, we can find the first recorded execution. Between the times of 1930 to 1967 there was a recorded number of 3,859 people executed. The following nine years would bring victory for those against capital punishment, there was no executions done in this time frame. Gregg vs. Georgia, Supreme Court of 1976 made a ruling that â€Å"the death penalty does not violate the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment.† The death penalty has been accepted by thirty-nine states of America (Newton, 1983).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the basics in understanding capital punishment is the methods of which are used. Which will be the first of things I will be presenting. I will be showing how selections of death row are made. The last of subject matters that I will be touching on are the problems with the process of capital punishment and a possible more effective approach. I will also be concluding my findings and ending with a thought of my own. Methods of Execution In the United States today, there are five existing methods of execution. These methods are used to kill convicted criminals that have been given the sentence of the death penalty. The different methods are; lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad shootings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lethal injection is currently used by thirty-six states in America. It is the most commonly used from of execution in the U.S. The preparation begins outside of the chamber with the use of a gurney. The convict is held to the gurney by wrist and ankle straps. There is then a cardiac monitor and stethoscope attached and started. In each arm there is a saline intravenous line. The convict is then covered by a sheet. The lines are turned off and the felon receives the first injection of sodium thiopental. This puts the felon to sleep. They are then injected with Pavulon, which relaxes all of the muscles in the body and stops breathing. Shortly after, the felon dies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next method of execution used is electrocution. This method is done by putting the person in a wooden chair, which they are secured to by leather straps.

Learning Lab Denmark Case Study Essay

Executive Summary The Shackleton’s Antarctic expedition, from 1914 to 1916, is a compelling story of leadership when disaster strikes again and again. In words of David Foster Wallace, Real leaders are people who help us overcome the limitations of our own individual laziness and selfishness and weakness and fear. Q1;- Has designing and leadership at Learning Lab Denmark been effective so far? Why/Why not? What about Organizational Culture? A1:- Organizational design is the pillar of any organization. It is the deliberate process of configuring structures, processes, reward systems, and people practices to create an effective organization capable of achieving the business strategy. It is ongoing process and simply a vehicle for accomplishing the strategic tasks of the business. A well-designed organization helps everyone in the business do his/her job effectively. A poorly-designed organization (or an organization by default) creates barriers and frustrations for people both inside and outside the organization. Organizational design affected by few key factors, which are: 1. Strategy 2. Environment 3. Technology 4. HR Learning Lab Denmark was the â€Å"Research and Development Institute† which was established by the help of Danish Ministry of Business and Industry, the Ministry of Research and the Ministry of Education and the Private sectors. Like every organization, in LLD, there was an Organizational design to perform its job smoothly. In that organization, there was a central unit which conducted all the the jobs like Management, Communication and Culture activities called â€Å"Secretariat†. It was an independent organization but affiliated with the Danish Pedagogical university (DPU). In LLD, there were two senior managers, one was managing director and other was a research director. Research director was responsible for research jobs which were going on in all Consortia. The MD was to report to the boards and to oversee the organization’s daily operations. There were six consortia where in each  consortia, a Consortium Director was deputed and under which many employees were working on different projects. The Consortium were : Math and Science (MS) Neuroscience, Cognition and Learning (NCL) Play and Learning (PL) The Creative Alliance (TCA) Workplace Learning (WL) Tools for the Knowledge Based Organization (TKO) There was a dpartment under secretariat for sharing all the information and ensure an effective network of communication within LLD. It shared all the learnings between all Consortia and between Consortia and Secretariat. It also support to LLD by developing a consortium’s website. Secretariat also focused on the organizational culture whether is was followed or not. In my view, the Organizational design and leadership both were not so effective due to that Organization failed to perform. If we consider the basic key factors of Organization design, we will find; 1. Startegy – There was lack of strategy. What we have to do and what will be the tentative time frame of completion of job. There was lack of experienced employees so that they couldn’t make proper strategy. 2. Environment – There was no favourable work environment. Leaders were not able to communicate properly. Each consortia was doing his own way. There was ego issue between two different departments and both were avoiding each other instructions. 3. Technology – This was the research institute so the first thing which was required, adequate knowledge, experienced expertise, upgraded technologies. There was lack of all these things which led to fail the organization. 4. Human Resources – The HR management was handled by DPU so there was big gap betwee n the actual scenario inside the LLD and action taken by DPU. DPU was not involved directly and there was no perfect communication networking between LLD and DPU. There was big dissatisfaction in the employees of LLD. One of the reasons to fail the LLD was weak leadership. In the case study, it was clear that the role of top leaders was not effective. The CDs didn’t follow the instructions which were taken by senior leaders. There was big  ego issue between two departments. The CDs were doing their job in their own way. Organizational Culture – Organizational culture is the basic pillar of any organization. It decides the way to achieve the goal along with growth and great satisfaction of each and every employee. The culture depends on the few key factors which have been described below:- 1. Team Orientation – Degree to which work is organized around teams rather than individuals 2. People Orientation – Degree to which management decisions take into account the effects on people in the organization 3. Attention to detail – Degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis and attention to detail 4. Stability – Degree to which organizational decisions and actions emphasize maintaining the status. 5. Aggressiveness – Degree to which employees are aggressive and competitive rather than cooperative. 6. Innovation & Risk Taking – Degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and to take risks 7. Outcome Orientation – Degree to which manager’s focus on results or outcomes Since in LLD, there was no any structured Organizational design so there was also lack of culture. There was no strategy according to which all consortia could perform. The consortia leader was not interested to follow the instruction of his senior management. The above described all factors are required to develop an organizational culture but in LLD, no any factors were lays. Q2 :- What are the opportunities and challenges of designing and leading Learning Lab Denmark? A2:- If any system fails it means that faced many challenges which couldn’t be attended on the time. In the case of LLD, there were multiple challenges in designing and leading, which i have described below. 1. Establish the Hilton Experience – Hilton experience means that the administrative side of LLD sustains the research side with supportive attitude where helpful procedures and routines make it easier, not harder, for the researcher to do their job. But in actual condition, there was lots of confliction between consortia and secretariat. 2. Common Culture and Identity – MD and Research Director of LLD wanted to establish common culture and identity across all consortia but it was very tough since the project job of all consortia were different from each other, so the working  was also different. 3. Establish the communication networking across LLD – It was very big challenge to establish the proper communication among Secretariat and Consortia and also among all Consortia. They didn’t want any interruption in their working on the projects. 4. Financial Crisis – Since LLD was an organization which was funded by Danish Govt. as well as Private investors. At the initial time when LLD was being established, the global market was facing recessions. The terrorist attacks on Sep’11, 2001 further heightened pessimism. So, it became tough to collect the fund for the Organization. 5. Execution of LLD Research model – LLD has established a research model where the involvement of Stakeholders have been introduced directly with the researchers to give their inputs so that researchers can work in that direction and at the same time, Researchers can convince with their efforts to Stakeholders. But it was not established due to weak leadership of LLD top management. 6. Recruitment of Researchers – This was research institute so the employees should have high knowledge along with experienced, only then research could be done in within time frame. This type of researchers could be recruited only when selector s having high knowledge. Other thing was the new inexperienced employees who got the first job of life in LLD, could be performed as per expectation due to lack of job experience. This was the big challenge. 7. Work Environment – A healthy and familiar work environment is required to perform well in the organization. This environment can be achieved by taking care of employee. For that a strong HR management should be there but in the LLD, this was lacking point. 8. Decision Taking Authority – There should be the freedom to take decision regarding research to all consortia but this should be controlled by LLD top management. For this, a structural frame should be in the organization with proper strategy. This was not in the LLD. 9. Get Result – All stakeholders invest on the basis of performance of the organization. They want results for that they invest the money. In LLD, only research work remained ongoing but results didn’t deliver with full satisfaction and within time frame. It also remained challenge and reason for failure. 10. Confliction – This was the big issue in the LLD and the main reason of the confliction between the employees was Power, Authority and Hierarchical Status. The top management couldn’t able to resolve this confliction. There are so many opportunities where LLD management should focus and could be improved. Few points have been described below. 1. Organizational Design – There should be proper structured team in LLD by considering few factors like; Strategy, Technology, Environment and Human Resource. This team should perform effectively. 2. Communication Networking – Communication networking to be strengthen and for communication, there should be a proper channel which should not be bypassed in any case. Communication should be monitored by senior management effectively. What to be shared with stakeholders, what to be requested to investors, what to be ordered to researchers; these all things should be monitored properly. 3. Recruitment – Since the core business of this organization was research so the employee recruitment should be on the basis of real merit and experience. 4. Training – If employees having less job-experienced then there should be a training cell where the researchers can be developed by training. 5. Feedback System – There should be proper feedback system for the ongoing projects status and it should be monitored on regular basis. 6. Fund Arrangement – There should be proper team for fund collection. Team has ability to convince the investors. They should make other strategy to draw the attention of investors. 7. Execution of LLD Research Model – The research model established by LLD was very good but it was not executed due to having much confliction between the top management of LLD and Consortia leaders. So, it should be role of top leaders that the good model should be executed effectively. 8. Resolves Confliction – There was too much confliction on the thoughts among the LLD and it created tension. The tension was created due to Power, Authority, Hierarchical Status and this was continued due to unwillingness of senior management. The senior leader should take their responsibilities and perform effectively. Q3:- Identify tensions, problems, issues, paradoxes, characteristics and dilemmas that make organizational design and leadership ongoing challenges in new ventures such as LLD. What is distinctive about LLD’s design? A3:- In LLD, there was tension between the Broker team (Communicator) and the Consortium Director and its related to whether the broker team is a â€Å"Service Team† that executes orders/requests issued by the CDs or a â€Å"Techno  Structure† that can issue orders/requests to the CDs. The tension was related to three main issues; Power, Authority and Hierarchical Status. The problem was that the more the broker team acts as if it is a technocratic structure, the more CDs resist. The paradox underlined the organization-wide tension between Standardization and Variability. The communicator team emphasized on stability and standardization as it represented secretariat of LLD where as the CDs fostered variability because they resisted the brokerâ€⠄¢s initiatives. â€Å"They accepted, the brokers are right when they say that no procedure includes all local conditions but we are also resisting because the procedures minimize our autonomy†. The consortia people also resisted to follow the standardization procedures due to which the secretariat was facing big challenge to deliver on the idea of being a Hilton experience. They were frustrated with LLD’s organizational bureaucracy, which they believed was constraining their efforts unnecessarily. Another problem was in the relationship between LLD and DPU. LLD’s managers and employees knew they belonged to DPU as an independent unit, but never viewed their organization as a part of DPU. Even though all LLD’s budget including salaries was paid through DPU’s administration, LLD’s administrators feared that if they used this bureaucracy, LLD would become like DPU means very slow, dusty and inefficient. According to LLD’s personnel, they were facing some human resource problem. They said that their salaries were not released on time by DPU. There was some management issue, due to which two Chief Financial Officers had resigned within 18 months and the reason shared was the perceived difficulty of serving as the interface between the two organizations. The LLD’s Organizational design was different in the case that only two senior managements were involved and MD was to oversee the organizational daily operations. There was confliction in the team due to having issues like Power, Authority and Hierarchical Status. The employees didn’t view their organization as a part of DPU whereas LLD was administratively governed by DPU. It showed there was no effective leadership. Q4:- As a leader, how do you prepare for and manage the difficulties and challenges identified in questions 2 and 3? Consider actions, strategies and techniques that you might want to take/use. Be specific and illustrate with examples? A4:- In this case study, i have found many difficulties and challenges and Being a leader, here i am explaining my remedial action to resolve those challenges. 1. Organizational Design – I would like to frame a design where responsibilities of everyone would be described and everyone will have to perform according to that. I would like to make a team on the basis of Strategy, Environment, Technology and Human Resource. I would introduce every consortia, a leader under whom a technical and managerial employee will work. Managerial employee will look after the basic needs of all involved researchers. And Technical employee will take reports on daily basis from the researchers and talk about their demands for doing project smoothly. Both will report to Consortia head. Consortia head will power to take decision for his consortia work and decide the time frame with responsibilities. Now in Secretariat, similarly, one top leader will be under whom a research director, a finance head , a HR head will work. Research Director will take report from all Consortia head. Finance head will manage all funding for LLD and head a cell which will work for fund collection by involving investors. HR head will look after all the basic needs of all employees across LLD. The head of Secretariat will take report from all three heads and take appropriate actions for the organization. He will shared the key points with DPU, Danish Govt. And Stakeholders. The all consortia head will be liable to follow the instructions given by all three heads, whom he will report and discuss the issue. 2. Communication Networking – Communication networking will be affected by leadership quality. If the above design will work effectively, the communication will remain strong. 3. Recruitment and Training – The HR will be responsible for recruitment and there will be selector team in which a technical and managerial employee will be involved for selection of researchers. In the selection, they will have to giv e priority to those who have much job experience and having higher degree of knowledge. Few researchers can be selected who have no much job experience but for those, there would be manage a training program on regular interval to increase their skills. 4. Financial Establishment – The finance dept will be responsible for the  funding arrangement. They will make different teams in which one will be in touch with every consortia and review their financial demands like equipments for experiment and other basic requirements, one will be responsible to review current cash situation and their expenditure plan, keep previous expenditure report, one will be responsible to involve investors, stakeholders by convincing with the performance of the organization, make some investment schemes., one will be responsible to review current market condition, take care of investors who has become partner in the organization. 5. Get Result – The organization is â€Å"Research and Development Institute†, so it’s growth will depend on the completion of projects within time frame. For this, every consortia head will be responsible for completion of all projects within time frame and share the way forward plan, if any projects doesn’t complete in within time frame. To involve the investors, everyone will keep honesty in his work. For this, HR team will responsible to arrange the meeting between investors and respective consortia at regular time of interval along with research head, so that every investors can remain updated with the ongoing research. 6. Confliction – This is the big challenge for any organization. This can only be resolved by the effective organizational design. It is the responsibility of the top leader to define the responsibility along with power and level of freedom to take decision on any topic. According to me, i will define the decision taking authority with the power and Hierarchical status. The HR department will be responsible whether the things are being followed or not. Whatever decision is taken by higher management, it should be followed by every employee. 7. Organizational Culture – Organizational culture is the basic pillar of any organization. It decides the way to achieve the goal along with growth and great satisfaction of each and every employee. The culture depends on the few key factors which are, Team Orientation, People Orientation, Stability, Aggressiveness, Innovation & Risk Taking, Outcome Orientation. In my leadership, i will assure the organizational key factors are being followed or not. Q5:- What should Vaaland and Jensen do? A5:- Being Managing Director, Marianne Stang Vaaland had much power to handle  the all obstacles. There are two types of obstacles; one can be controlled by your efforts since the reason of the obstacle remains known but another type of obstacle comes due to external agencies which is not in your hand and take much time to control that, like recession, market condition, investors demand etc. Vaaland should form an effective organizational design along with responsibility. He should take action if there is any deviation. Similarly being Research Director, Hans Siggaard Jensen should define the working responsibility of all researchers along with tentative time frame. He should take honest feedback from each consortia on regular basis and suggest if he founds any deviation. At first, Vaaland should resolve all the confliction by distribute the Power and Authority on Hierarchical base so that a healthy work environment can be developed. Both should have assured that researchers which are being selected will give benefit to the organization. It means selection process should be effective. If any researcher is selected who has less experience but having capability to learn and grow, for such type of researchers, there should be training cell. Both should have reviewed the market scenario and investors demand and according to that they should establish the working model. They should develop such type of organizational culture where whatever decision has been taken by both of them that should be followed by their sub-ordinates. Before establish any working model, both should discuss with their sub-ordinates. Both should make a strategy to collect the fund by providing different type of schemes for their investors. They should make a cell that looks after only the fund collection job. Both should have assured the project completion time frame so that investors can faith on the organization. It gives a positive message in the market and it helps to attract the investors. Both should have established the proper networking for communication and taking feedback. No one should have confliction on this. Both should have enforced to establish the Hilton Experience effectively between Secretariat and all Consortia. Q6:- What lessons can you draw from LLD? What LLD a success? A6:- The case study â€Å"Organizing From Scratch: Learning Lab Denmark Experience† is really having great lesson for all the leaders. In my  opinion, LLD was a big failure due to weak leadership and having no any strategic plan to run the organization for long time, achieve the targets, lack of organizational culture, inexperienced work force and weak financial condition. Here I am sharing the key points which I have learned from the case study to run any organization effectively:- Importance of effective and structured Organizational Design.

90 Idioms About Tools

90 Idioms About Tools 90 Idioms About Tools 90 Idioms About Tools By Mark Nichol Hand tools have inspired a tool box full of metaphorical words and expressions. Here’s a list of many of those handy idioms. 1–5. angry/mad enough to chew nails/spit nails or ready to eat nails: enraged 6–7. another/final nail in the coffin: one of/the last of multiple factors that contribute to a failure 8–9. ax: a guitar or other instrument a musician might play while making a chopping motion (noun), or fire, reduce, remove, or terminate (verb) 10. ax to grind: grudge or motive 11. bed of nails: difficult or unpleasant situation 12. between the hammer and the anvil: facing a dilemma 13. bury the hatchet: end a dispute or feud 14. chisel (someone) out of: cheat to get something away from someone 15: chisel in: deceive or manipulate to get a share of something 16: chiseled: toned or well defined (as in facial features or body) 17. clamp down: impose controls or restrictions 18–19. coffin nail/coffin tack: a cigarette (or, rarely, a drink of liquor) 20. crowbar: insert or remove with force 21. drill: hit or propel with force 22. drill down: investigate or get to the root of 23. for want of a nail: abbreviation of a proverb illustrating that the lack of an insignificant part can have significant consequences for the whole 24–25. hammer (something) out: argue or negotiate toward an agreement, or play a piano loudly 26. hammer and tongs: with great determination and energy (as in â€Å"going at it hammer and tongs†) 27. hammer away: discuss something excessively or tediously 28. hammer home: press a point 29–30. hammer: a vehicle’s accelerator (noun), or do something with great force or persistence (verb, as in â€Å"I tried to hammer it into his thick skull†) 31. hard as nails: unfeeling or unsympathetic 32–33. has a screw loose/with a loose screw: is eccentric, mentally unbalanced, or strange/has eccentricities or is mentally unbalanced or strange 34. has one’s head screwed on right: is capable or sensible 35. hit the nail on the head: be accurate or right, or explain perceptively 36–37. nail: arrest or identify (or have sex with, but this sense is vulgar) 38. nail (one’s) colors to the mast: express opinion publicly (from the idea of attaching a flag to a ship’s mast to identify one’s national origin) 39. nail (something) down: agree on or accomplish something 40. nail (someone’s) ears back: severely scold someone 41–43. nail (someone)/nail (someone’s) hide to the wall, or nail (someone) to a cross: see â€Å"nail (someone’s) ears back† 44–45. nail (something) down: discover, or make certain or final or win decisively 46–49. nail Jell-O/jelly to a tree/the wall: try something futile (akin to â€Å"herd cats†) 50–51. on the nail: in full (as in â€Å"pay on the nail†), or under discussion (both British English) 52–53. put a wrench/monkey wrench into: disrupt or sabotage (the British English term is spanner) 54. put a nail in the coffin of (something): cause something to end or stop 55. put the hammer down: accelerate a vehicle 56–57. put/tighten the screws on (someone): pressure or threaten someone, or make something more difficult for someone 58. saw away at: move one’s arms as if in a sawing motion 59. saw wood: snore loudly 60. sawed off: short (said of a diminutive person or a shotgun with part of the barrel removed) 61–64. screw: cheat or deceive, or a jailer (also, copulate, or someone to copulate with, but these senses are vulgar) 65–66. screw around/off: waste time or act aimlessly 67–70. screw (someone) around/screw around with (someone): bother or harass (â€Å"screw around with (someone)† also means â€Å"copulate with† or â€Å"be promiscuous,† but these senses are vulgar) 71. screw around with (something): fiddle or play with 72. screw (one’s) courage to the sticking place: have courage or resolution 73. screw (someone) out of: cheat or deceive to deprive someone of something 74–75. screw (one) over: betray, or see â€Å"nail (one’s) ears back† 76. screw the pooch: make a significant mistake (vulgar) 77. screw up: make a mistake 78. screw up (one’s) courage: force (oneself) to be brave 79. screw up (one’s) face: make an unpleasant expression 80. screwed: in trouble 81–82. screwed up: made a mistake (verb phrase), or flawed or ruined (adjective) 83. take a hammering: suffer a severe attack or loss 84. tool: an unlikeable or easily deceived person 85. tool around: drive quickly but aimlessly 86. tools of the trade: whatever is associated with, or required to do, a job 87. tough as nails: determined 88. turn of the screw: an action that worsens a bad situation 89. under the hammer: for sale (alluding to an auctioneer’s hammer) 90. wrench: mechanic Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better WriterHow to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... and Your CEO

Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay

Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay [pic] [pic] HND program, Sichuan University 2006-12-21 Part A Introduction This report refers to show the variances between the Flexed Budget and Actual results. After cooperation, we will understand the overview of the organization’s current situation. In order to find the problems and solve them, I analyzed them below. Here are the detailed information about the materials variance, labour variance and overhead variance. In addition, I will give out the advice of my opinion at the end of this report. |Tricol plc Flexible budget | | |Original budget |Flexed budget |Actual results |Variance | | | | | |A/F | | |2000 units |1600 units |1600 units[1] | | |Direct material |ï ¿ ¡80000[2] |ï ¿ ¡64000[5] |ï ¿ ¡61600 |ï ¿ ¡2400 |F | |Direct labor |ï ¿ ¡36000[3] |ï ¿ ¡28800[6] |ï ¿ ¡35200 |ï ¿ ¡Ã¯ ¼Ë†6400ï ¼â€° |A | |Variable production overheads |ï ¿ ¡4000[4] |ï ¿ ¡3200[7] |ï ¿ ¡3200 |0 | | | |Depreciation |ï ¿ ¡1500 | |ï ¿ ¡1500 | | |Fixed overheads | | | | | | |Total cost of production | |ï ¿ ¡104200 |ï ¿ ¡108600 |ï ¿ ¡Ã¯ ¼Ë†4400ï ¼â€° |A | [1] Flexed budget amount is 80% of the target amount [2]ï ¿ ¡10Ãâ€"4 kgÃâ€"2,000ï ¼ 80,000 [3]ï ¿ ¡9Ãâ€"2Ãâ€"2,000ï ¼ 36,000 [4]ï ¿ ¡2Ãâ€"2,000ï ¼ 4,000 [5]ï ¿ ¡10Ãâ€"4 kgÃâ€"1,600ï ¼ 64,000 [6]ï ¿ ¡9Ãâ€"2Ãâ€"1,600ï ¼ 28,800 [7]ï ¿ ¡2Ãâ€"1,600ï ¼ 3,200 Material: Direct material total variance = (standard units of actual production*standard price)-(actual quantity*actual price) = (1600*4*10) - 61600 =ï ¿ ¡2400(F) Direct material usage variance =standard price*(standard unit of actual production - actual quality) =10*(1600*4-5600) =ï ¿ ¡8000(F) Direct material price variance =actual quantity*(standard price – actual price) =5600*(10-11) =ï ¿ ¡-5600(A) Material total Variance percentage = 2400/64000 *100% =3.75% Material usage variance percentage = 8000/64000*100% =12.5% Material price variance percentage =5600/64000*100% =8.75% Labour: Direct labour total variance = (standard hours of actual production*standard rate ph)-(actual hours*actual rate ph) = (1600*2*9)-35200 =ï ¿ ¡-6400(A) Direct labour efficiency variance =standard rate ph*(standard hours of actual production – actual hours) =9*(1600*2-3520) =ï ¿ ¡-2880(A) Direct labour rate variance =actual hours*(standard rate ph-actual rate ph) =3520*(9-10) =ï ¿ ¡-3520(A) Labour total variance percentage =6400/28800*100%=22.22% Labour efficiency variance percentage =2880/28800*100%=10% Labour rate variance percentage=3520/28800*100% =12.22% Overhead: Total overhead variance =total standard overhead for actual production-total actual overheads = (7.125*1600)-(3200+2200+1500+2400+2500) =11400-11800 =ï ¿ ¡-400(A) Overhead absorption rate =total budgeted overhead/total budgeted activity level = (1600*2+2000+2200+1500+2500)/1600 =ï ¿ ¡7.125 per unit

Immunology HIV Concept Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Immunology HIV Concept Paper - Essay Example There were various things that were discovered in the experiment. The analysis was done on 1752 patients. The result from these patients indicated that more than half did not show CD4 count while a quarter of the patients record did not indicate WHO clinical stage on the first appointment form (Haskew et al. 3). Moreover, the analysis showed that 108 patients were from the IPC program while 1644 were from the VCT services (Haskew et al. 3). There was also additional information from the multivariable analysis. In the analysis, those patient that were found to be HIV positive through VCT services had more than twice chances of presenting to first clinical visit in the Worlds Health Organization(WHO) clinical stages 3 or 4 (Haskew et al. 3). This was as compared to those that were found to be HIV positive in the IPC. At the same time, the affected individuals that were tested through VCT services had more than twice higher odds of presenting to first clinical visit with CD$ of less or equal to 350 cells/ul (Haskew et al. 3). This was as compared to those that were tested positive in IPC. There was also some variation in the mean CD4 count at a first clinical visit. The number of individuals testing positive through VCT was somehow lesser as compared to those that tested positive through IPC. On the other hand, the gender and marriage status played a significant role in determining clinic visit. The male that were divorced or widowed were independently linked to stage 3 or 4 as per visit (Haskew et al. 4).

Energy Consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Energy Consumption - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that peak load values will be obtained when there is more demand on the electricity due to use of appliances. In this case peak load values in the student halls will be recorded during the early morning when the students will be preparing to go to class or any other activities they are involved in. The use of the instant heating showers, blow dryers, iron box coupled with the demand to ensure that the room is warm enough due to the morning cold, the amount of electricity in use instantaneously shoots up. Peak load can also be noticed in the evenings just when the students are coming back from their classes and other activities they have been engaging in during the day. The use of electrical appliances in use throughout the hall increases so does the demand for the energy to drive them, these appliances are mostly for entertainment purposes such as gaming console, television and stereo systems.This paper highlights that  base load is the lowest avera ge in energy consumption at a particular period when the consumption is steady. Base load values will be obtained when there is less demand on the electricity.  The best time to do this is at night when the students are preparing to sleep through to the time they are about to wake up.  The results show a gradual decrease in base load from the month of January to the month of August after which it gradually increases.  ... Base load values will be obtained when there is less demand on the electricity. In the students halls Base load values will be recorded during the day while most of the students will be away, because this brings down the overall consumption of energy although the values during the day might not be very reliable because of the students left in the halls since the will still be consuming the electricity this may take out the steady aspect in the calculation of base load values. The best time to do this is at night when the students are preparing to sleep through to the time they are about to wake up. This allows for consumption to go low and maintain a steady flow thus making it a more appropriate time to calculate the base load values. For this assignment the base load was calculated by averaging the consumption between 00:00 hours and 06:00 hours when the consumption was low and steady. The results were averaged again to find the base load for the month from January through to Octobe r. Also calculated was the difference in base load values to determine the change in base load values between months. The results were found and represented as follows: Monthly Base load Month Base load value Base load difference January 288411.8 0 February 314269.3 25857.5 March 338548.9 24279.6 April 361666.5 23117.6 May 384706.7 23040.2 June 407179.9 22473.2 July 425351.1 18171.2 August 441813.4 16462.3 September 458685.6 16872.2 October 477464.7 18779.1 The results show a gradual decrease in base load from the month of January to the month of August after which it gradually increases. This could probably be attributed to the change in weather since it gets cold around late August and beginning of